Docking Proteins P130cas and P120cbl in Integrin and Growth Factor Receptor Signalling

Adhesive interactions between cells and extracellular matrix proteins play a vital role in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Integrins comprise a major family of cell surface receptors that mediate these interactions. Integrin engagement triggers adhesiondependent intracellular signalling cascades that include the phosphorylation of tyrosines in intracellular signalling proteins. Integrin-dependent signals act in concert with signals from growth factors and other signalling receptors. The objective of this thesis was to study how cell adhesion and growth factors interact with intracellular components to regulate cell behavior in normal and transformed cells. One of the main proteins phosphorylated following integrin ligation in several different cell types is the docking protein p130 Cas (Cas), which is tyrosine phosphorylated after stimulation of cells with low concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Tyrosine-phosphorylated Cas associates with an adapter protein c-Crk, the main binding protein for Cas, suggesting a novel role for EGF in Cas signalling. The interaction of cells with a variety of agonists such as growth factors and integrin ligation results in stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which control the expression of genes important for many cell functions. Expression of Cas and Crk induces activation of C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), which are members of MAPK family. JNK activation induced by integrin ligand binding is blocked by the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Cas or Crk demonstrating an important role for the Cas-Crk complex in integrinmediated JNK activation. The proto-oncogene product p120 (Cbl) was identified as the main tyrosine-phosphorylated protein following integrin ligation in hematopoietic cells of myeloid lineage. Tyrosinephosphorylated Cbl interacts with and activates other signalling proteins, such as Src tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI 3-kinase), thereby mediating adhesion-dependent signals in hematopoietic cells. Unlike the cellular Cbl, the transforming mutants of Cbl were tyrosine-phosphorylated in an adhesion-independent manner and interacted with and activated signalling molecules both in suspended and in adherent cells. Further, the oncogenic forms of Cbl induced anchorage-independent but serum-dependent proliferation of cells. These results support the view that transformation by Cbl results from constitutive activation of integrin-dependent rather than growth factor-dependent signalling events.